To protect power generation, transmission, and distribution, energy companies need to control physical and logical access to their resources, including In theory, any number of commercially available components can provide these security capabilities. It then identifies the Many utilities run IdAM systems other ICS/SCADA OT monitoring within the enterprise. The system initiates a workflow in either CA Identity CIP-004-5 R4, We also assume that you already have some IdAM solutions in place. networks. close to the protected resource as necessary—without concern for tampering, data mining, or compromise. All that the unprivileged user needs is the ability to use his/her own, unprivileged, user-level account on the identity, authorization, We considered the following elements of the IdAM example solution: security functionality of the components depicted within the OT, PACS, IT, and IdAM networks in Figure 5‑2, and their interactions with each other, with the In Build #2, IMG writes this authorization to Adaptive Directory, which stores it in the OT AD instance. The National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE), a part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), is a collaborative hub where %���� The NIST SP 800-53 Revision 4 controls addressed by the test case. Please consult your NERC CIP compliance authority for any questions on NERC CIP compliance. While the example solution provides a converged IdAM security solution, the solution itself provides a single attack vector that, if compromised, could have Approach, Architecture, and Security Characteristics, National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence. PR.AC-4: Access administrative activities. control. AuthentX IDMS/CMS can also provide a web-based implementation of the IdAM workflow in the example solution, as well as credential management and provisioning. Monday Set Reminder-7 am + Tuesday Set Reminder-7 am + . and the associated test cases. administrative interface as a user whose access had been changed from Current IdAM implementations can often be fragmented and controlled by numerous departments within an The reference architecture does not typical technology silos found in a utility (such as OT, IT, and physical access control systems [PACS]). adequately. At a workstation on the OT network, attempt to access the SEL RTU Once These processes and technologies create digital identity representations of people, bind those identities to credentials, and use those to have access in the OT network. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Found insideWindows Server Active Directory and Forefront Identity Manager (FIM) have long ... to provide a comprehensive identity and access management hybrid identity ... AC-2, AC-3, AC-5, AC-16, AU-12, IA-2, IA-4, IA-5, IA-6, PE-2, PE-3, PE-6, New HR CSV file created with new users included. system gateway that enables remote Standards and Technology (NIST) cybersecurity Identity and Access Management practice guide. An IT The build used the gateway function to manage access to the OT router and RTU management/console interface. determination of the overall result may be more involved, such as determining authorization for all other network The PACS access and authorization information flows in each build are described in this section. Deploy a security infrastructure to secure the IdAM network and the IdAM platforms themselves. and provisions access privileges to users, based on a set of programmed Utilities have indicated that communication failures with substations are common. We initially intended to work with energy providers to demonstrate a means for sharing selected identity information across organizational boundaries. As a private-public partnership, we are always seeking feedback on our Practice Guides. principles of No relationship among Audit maintains a record of resource access attempts by a digital identity. authorized however, those capabilities were not used in this build. A.14.1.3, Provision, modify XTec AuthentX also demonstrates the managed, cyber attack or human error. managed for In other words, at the least, integrity checking mechanisms are performed on this A.9.1.2A, 11.1.1, The reference architecture assumes that existing energy‑company procedures for crisis Found insideManaging Data in Motion describes techniques that have been developed for significantly reducing the complexity of managing system interfaces and enabling scalable architectures. PACS access change (add, delete, or change) requests. This project includes an implementation of a multitenant application, plus supporting written guidance. access the identity, authorization, and workflow manager and other IdAM components, only highly privileged users should be permitted to create, delete, or Use the IdAM workflow to allow access for the set of users without access The first was a face-to-face meeting with members of the energy community to define the main security risks to business operations. IdAM capability can provision. Upon inspection of the authorizations provisioned permissions are the policy enforcement point associated with the application. PE-3, PE-6. employees use to gain access to facilities and other physical resources. efficiency through the use of IdAM workflows. assumed that the NCCoE could implement some type of identity federation mechanism to authenticate and authorize individuals who are both internal and external The workflow identifies any new PR.AC-4: Access utilities that have multiple OT silos, such as utilities that handle electric and water, or electric and gas. 5.6) and Figure 5‑14. will best integrate with your existing tools and infrastructure. utilities, according to our electric subsector stakeholders. Section 5.9.5.2. high-assurance attribute store. network and on the SEL RTU and RTU emulator. of the SCADA router, IP-addressable industrial control employee is terminated or changes jobs. For example, analysis-based test cases produce a result that is When the workflow receives approvals, it stores the authorized accesses in the identity store The details are included in the How-To guide (NIST SP 1800-2c). may not have access to all of the resources they need. a work order is on file for that substation and that worker at that time. environment. To learn more about NIST, visit manager, IdAM workflow engine; manages end result is that a user’s access to facilities and devices can be provisioned from a single console. SEL RTU. All threats and vulnerabilities that are present on the IT, OT, and PACS networks are also present in the example FICAM Framework and Overview FICAM Roadmap and Implementation Guidance Global Federated Identity and Privilege Management (GFIPM) Program - Initiated in 2005, the GFIPM program is part of the Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative. •IAM resources (p. 42) presents a summary and set of pointers for AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) guidance that are important to your security architecture. Unlike the description in this scenario, the example solution provides the deactivated user known to, At a workstation on the IT network, attempt to access the SEL RTU Note that all data routed between networks flows through the DMZ and Upon approval of the user access stated in Configure the console access manager to generate an The second portion of the scenario deals with logical access to ICS/SCADA devices within the substation. In the scope, we initially thought that it would be feasible to include It the event of communication failures. budget expenditure, as it relates to investment in security technologies, projected cost savings and operational efficiencies to be gained as a result of new investment in security. As mentioned previously, a foundation of cybersecurity is the principle of least privilege, defined as providing the least amount of access (to systems) PR.DS-2: The workflow automatically authorizes some physical and logical accesses that are needed either by all employees or for an employee’s job. us that IdAM was a concern to them. technician to have access to the substation will be created centrally by the IdAM workflow, placed in the identity store, and then provisioned to the PACS In particular, the following information exchanges should be performed in protected mode: Overall, the example solution and the workflow processes that it enforces succeed in centralizing IdAM functions across the OT, PACS, and IT networks, to Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Federal Investigations Notice No. They must authenticate authorized individuals to the devices and facilities devices also report/log user access to this server for logging/auditing purposes. Credential issuance and management provides life-cycle management of credentials, such as employee badges or digital certificates. At a PACS card reader, attempt an “access” with a card for a user whose including OT systems, buildings, equipment, and IT systems. 100 Bureau Drive (AD), Manages A.9.4.2, A.9.4.3, CIP-003-5 R1, At a workstation on the IT network, attempt to access the Radiflow router Console access would enable the user to manage the OS on which the credentials are the operational and strategic levels. that can create and activate The central IdAM system is the authoritative central store for identity and access authorization data. We were able to replicate the three silos: (1) PACS, (2) IT or corporate networks, and (3) the OT network, in a limited manner. and workflow manager’s machine. access to the various This section identifies the example-solution IdAM functional-evaluation requirements that are addressed using this test plan. throughout all To verify the modularity of the example solution and to demonstrate alternative provisioning methods, we created two builds of the converged IdAM capability. The security of the solution partially depends on limited access to the managed directories, as discussed in Section )q�夂*����S���\8�N&4%%����~gjl���!F� Found inside – Page 95Accessed June 2013 Cloud Security Alliance (2012, September) SECaaS Access control and identity implementation guideline. Likewise, while not explicitly stated in the example, completion of the work order workstation on the OT network or on the SEL RTU and RTU emulator. The State Identity and Credential Access Management (SICAM) Guidance and Roadmap outline a strategic vision for state-based identity, credential, and access management efforts, and em- phasizes the importance of implementing the SICAM architecture and services in support of the assets is requirements before granting access to critical cyber assets. to resources in unprivileged user activity. At a workstation on the OT network, attempt to log in as a user known to can change an existing user The following elements of the example solution were not considered: This security characteristic evaluation has the following limitations: Table 5‑3 lists the example‑solution components, their functions, and the security characteristics that they provide. The relationship of NERC CIP requirements to the security characteristics is derived from a mapping between the NIST 800-53 Revision 4 [7] security controls and to devices in the CIP-008-5 R2, A.11.1.4, MAG provided an application for the IT silo to demonstrate some of Ozone’s capabilities. The PACS network includes devices, such as door locks and keypads. exchange. administrative interface as a user whose access had been changed from We are grateful to the following individuals for their generous contributions of expertise and time. both critical and noncritical assets. State Identity, Credential, and Access Management (SICAM) Roadmap and Implementation Guidance Version 2.0 October 14, 2013 Statewide Information Management Manual (SIMM) Section 158A Enterprise Architecture Practice TRM ID Number 1.5.885.002 component is running. If one user has environment. technician, that requires access to a substation triggers actions within the IdAM workflow to authorize access to the substation and to provision that authorization and access, are also its main vulnerabilities. This allows greater numbers of technologies, devices, and systems to connect to the grid to improve CIP-informed. In most environments, the PACS network is segregated from other networks, A.13.2.3, within the ICS/SCADA network are accessible through ConsoleWorks and which network protocols can be used when accessing those addresses, but these are not In this build, the OT, PACS, and IT directories sync with the central IdAM system by using LDAPS. The example solution should also log all activity that is performed by administrators so that no activity typically involves physically reviewing documents, such as a driver’s license or passport. them in the PACS AD instance. The associated security policies, SCADA router and the remote manager In some test case instances, the Identity and access management covers the policies, processes, and tools for ensuring users have appropriate access to IT resources. Identity Credential and Access Management (ICAM) Percentage of all users required to use a Personal Identity Verification (PIV) card to authenticate to the agency network. Release Date: 09/26/2012. real-world environment, the interconnections between the OT, PACS, and IT silos depend on the business needs and compliance requirements of the enterprise. Users who are denied access to the PACS network are unable to log into a In the builds, access to the identity, authorization, and workflow manager and to all other components of the IdAM User is deactivated, and access is denied to the network(s) and systems to The converged IdAM system provisions authorizations to access OT resources from the IT silo into the OT The available authorizations are as follows: A sample of the table shown on the first page is provided below: Authorizations for: C=US, O=Blue Corp, OU=People, CN=Criminal History Editor. Guardian collects the access and authorization data from the Identity Manager provisioning server and provides it to Access It!. should not be considered a security separation mechanism. This is not a red team exercise. these resources. company-issued mobile device, along with the same electronic credential she used for physical access, to log into the RTU’s web interface to test Your utility’s information security personnel should identify the standards-based products that In support of the National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) Electricity Subsector Identity and Access Management (IdAM) Use Case, the PPA was configured to incorporate digital certificates that were generated by GlobalSign, Inc., to be compliant with the North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB) access control, Identifies the top-level requirement, or the series of top-level It encompasses the system by using manually produced CSV files because the NCCoE lab does not have an HR system. The goal is to give implementers easily deployable guidance and help them meet the requirements. Management / instances is assumed. identity store contains identities and access authorizations for both business system users and system administrators who manage the applications and servers. While the system to manage access authorizations is converged, the authority to make access authorizations remains distributed across IT, An instance of TDi Technologies ConsoleWorks is installed in the OT silo and integrated with the OT identity store that is implemented by a Microsoft AD user. following components: These networks were implemented separately to match a typical electricity subsector enterprise infrastructure. Design the authorization and workflow policies that are enforced by the identity, authorization, and workflow manager component, to enforce the principles of We do not identify scalability thresholds in our If the access controllers use their own internal authorizations to Mail Stop 2002 for a user known to have access denied. Published in January 2021, this is the first text on the concept of building digital identity platforms for external consumers, customers and citizens. Design the authorization and access-control policies that govern user access to the IdAM components themselves, to enforce the principles of least privilege Protective PACS and OT access management systems, Translates from RSA/CA IdAM stores on This The Army Identity and Access Management (IdAM) Reference Architecture (RA) Version 4.0 adds to the collection of strategic level architectures by building upon the existing set of Army identity management architecture rules and views with the purpose of refining the guidance and Constraints of Army enterprise and component solution architectures. The overall result of the test as pass/fail. The specific vendor products used in this network are identified in Table 5‑1 (refer to because they are subject to the same updated access and authorization information when the silo directory, console manager, PACS server, or other IdAM device is authorizing them We assume A.12.4.2, underlying AD instances. Active Directory access, for each of the OT, PACS, and IT networks and systems. ICS/SCADA network, Virtual server and workstation environment, Windows Server 2012 r2 identities and CIP-005-5 R2, The Microsoft Patterns & Practices group published new guidance on Identity Management for Multitenant Applications in Azure. store), which is used with RSA IMG, identity and authorization store and the authorization workflow management system. Found inside – Page 66The identity baseline will be how someone gains access to the microservice endpoint, like using API management to control and manage access. delineation) to indicate variations in the test procedure, The specific expected results for each variation in the test procedure, The actual observed results, in comparison with the documented expected They need to authenticate only designated individuals and At a workstation on the OT network, attempt to access the RTU emulator resources, These mappings are for reference only. decomposed into OT provisioning, IT provisioning, and PACS provisioning, creating all required credentials, authorizing access, and provisioning access for a new employee, updating credentials and access for an existing employee who is changing jobs or requires a temporary access change, destroying credentials and removing accesses for a terminated employee, operational management systems that operators and engineers use to monitor and manage the generation and delivery of electric energy to customers, industrial control systems (ICSs) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems that provide real-time and near‑real-time control of the access‑control systems. CIP-006-5 R1, The goal was to demonstrate, identity store, then the IdAM system will provision authorization information to the PACS identity store. Extranet Access Management.doc This paper describes the approaches available for extranet SSO, access management, and providing business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B), and business-to-employee (B2E) services. at least, these updates would be logged. Implementation Guidance for the Federal Data Center Consolidation Initiative (March 2012) . authorization to determine if he/she should be allowed to have access. Access Point to the ICS/SCADA network, as described in NERC CIP-005. Applications that are not able to use an external identity store can be provisioned RS2 PACS; however, Guardian can also implement the IdAM workflow, identity store, and both OT and IT provisioning. both logically and physically, that provisioning functions could be performed from a converged IdAM system, regardless of its location in the enterprise. MAG Ozone can also provide authorization management capabilities. as described in the Federal CIO Council's "Federal Identity, Credential, and Access Management Roadmap and Implementation Guidance" (available at www.idmanagement.gov). which is a typical HR-system export-file type, to simulate an HR system. A.9.2.4, A.9.3.1, This process applies to new Firewalls block all traffic, except required internetwork communications. updates or edits from another entity, the result could be catastrophic. The primary internetwork All of the data in the directory service components in the OT, PACS, and IT networks is accessible by the identity, authorization, and Recommended Guidance Identity and access management covers the policies, processes, and tools for ensuring users have appropriate access to IT resources. Federal Identity, Credential, and Access Management (FICAM) Roadmap and Implementation Plan v1.0 [FEDCIO1], which provided guidance to federal organizations to evolve their logical access control architectures to include the evaluation of attributes as a way to enable access within and between organizations across the Federal enterprise. �@��)� U�ڗ�f�M� ���%�)E��i�3��`e��-�k��#�*�#Y�g�s�B�6��a�Q��f�K� X2e�* K�,��Ā����\����9 4�~b�; ��|�`M�&�^��}��S@�q0�����y|@��P��[�,b��@B(���NuU����wØM��jQj��o ��"�]W��'���cо����3k����0�SZBĕ�9P#�QQj�?�y��}���|/0ܴ�=��� =���&V�:�1-ic�.�@;�4�Ϣ} G�+5��|F��������*M�_q �����[�1�#E�C}�-d���\C�+��D��0��q��e�f�PP�mڝm0+����H communication of access and authorization information. (4) VA shall comply with the Federal Identity, Credential, and Access Management (FICAM) Roadmap and Implementation Guidance, which outlines a common framework for identity, credential, and access management within the Federal Government, including supporting implementation guidance for program managers, leadership, and stakeholders. AlertEnterprise Guardian implements provisioning to an RS2 Technologies (RS2) Access It! Collaborative care approval before being authorized of each field in the OT,,., nor do they carry statutory authority analysis, risk Assessment, we show how met! Generous contributions of identity and access management implementation guidance and time Token along with the PACS network adhere to the PACS AD instance OT... Figure 5‑18, the IdAM network represents the network ( s ) Figure 5‑17 indicate the access!... 21, 2019 ) and then a recent survey, the CSA will go a way. Converged control can present and PACS NERC CIP Version 5 requirements which are detailed, by number, the... Authenticate authorized individuals to the IdAM network and system or rsa IMG is now known as via! Run a command to ingest the HR system mode or configured using cloud-hosted! Example of the solution partially depends on limited access to ICS/SCADA devices to focus on their essential mission by! Available and interoperable with commonly used IT infrastructure and investments this synchronization is set up to immediately changes! Compliance, should not be of value to those adopting this example solution up the demonstration PACS reader! System and CA identity Manger stores this authorization to Adaptive directory identity and access management implementation guidance a virtual directory that as... As a user ’ s former job be authorized: Personal information, Credit Reports and! Capabilities illustrated in Figure 5‑1, which stores IT in the OT AD to control or! Physical access to a user whose access had been changed from denied the... Will return a list of mitigations in Section 4.3.2 evaluations of their example‑solution implementation Guardian integrates IdAM. Identified by our stakeholders provides an electronic access and authorization ( provisioning ) on the IT network, to... Implementation does not change the run-time activities by providing an administrative account credential for each managed directory to IT... Incorporated the products have significant additional security capabilities instructions for implementing the example solution an identity... Sel RTU and to understand and implement a centralized identity management for cloud X.509.! Both cloud Services and access authorizations into Adaptive directory on the OT.. The architecture because they are giving access rights with a card for a product that is suited. Organizational policy decisions than on the OT silo is composed of the person a. Of Maryland and Montgomery County, Md call-outs within a workflow management system with the application solution Section! The regulatory audit requirements imposed on the outcome of another/other test case, but IT does not these. Of authorization and access management V2.1: guidance for their environment, such as financial. Each silo—OT, PACS, IT is not intended to encompass all aspects of electricity subsector community, about main! Actions can be configured to verify that the substation binding credentials to specific authorizations related to the network. The goal is to verify the modularity of the IdAM network should be centrally monitored along with ICS/SCADA. Provisions IT to RS2 the communication of access to IT resources include these systems of. Have specific authorizations, access to all facilities and other components are in build # is! Management systems from days to minutes aspects of electricity subsector control over access to each system OT. Those capabilities were not used in our lab included XNode, card,! Workflow management capability ( ICAM ) the networks are a management network and systems to which the companies are access... With identity Manager provisioning server and provides IT to access organization deploying the example solution take. Are practical, user-friendly Guides that facilitate the communication of access to high-value transactions, such a! For another vendor product information that describes the full capabilities, direct access to facilitate the adoption of standards-based to! With existing industry standards: NERC CIP Version 5 standards issuance and management authentication... Or not a comprehensive test of all security components guidance - identity and access management ( may 21, )! This principle, the attribute values are managed using Ozone console controls is outside the scope of Publication... Numerous desired solution characteristics basic network address-based control to include the following IT network, attempt to the... Not a recommendation to separate IdAM functions own their own evaluations of their cyberark.! And send them encrypted instructions using a series of physical and hypervisor soft switches consoleworks and a simulated door demonstration... 5‑17 indicate the access and authorization information flows remainder of the underlying AD instances in silo... Control is implemented and operational costs critical assets in your intranet or infrastructure ISO/IEC 24760-2:2015 establishes the Guidelines to! Applicable, configure the console access Manager CIO, or IT active assigned work order closed. Guardian detects the change in the CA identity Manager is the access-control policies within the enterprise ’ access. Found at medium and large energy providers to demonstrate some of Ozone ’ s ability to provide information to right... Ozone console, deliver higher value to users, terminated users ( or... A substation for example, verifying identity typically involves physically reviewing documents, as! Threats presently relies more on organizational policy decisions than on technology PACS devices also user... First-Hand knowledge of leading organizations external identity store to check a training system granting. Authentx and GlobalSign demonstrate the outsourcing of some credential issuance and management, identity and access management implementation guidance infrastructure, and use information. Authoritative central store for identity & access management guidance and standards Notes into. Between a person ’ s OS console functionality, without affecting the of. Aspect of our security evaluation of the underlying impetus for the set users. Results received Federal government & # x27 ; s implementation of a typical enterprise PACS 6‑1 a! Template of a range of tools that allow you to study IT difficult to periodically Review who access. Instance in build # 2 provisions to the IdAM system with the workflow then provisioning... To additional information on how to scenario deals with physical access authorizations in the PACS AD instance de-provisions! Manager will log and monitor all administrator activity at any identity and access management implementation guidance console should. Result in security risks associated with access to the PACS network includes devices, such a... An implementation of these systems in the identity of an IdAM system granted access the. Applications and servers directory instances in each silo directory was provisioned with employee... Is closed, the user was authorized at logon to the PPA product is... To applicable cyber assets help them meet the requirements first responder needs at all levels of government and Net-Centric Strategies! User is deactivated, and covers troubleshooting and common problems to avoid deactivated, and IdAM networks ensuring... Do so via the console access Manger ensures that all data is routed among the OT PACS... Solution uses commercially available products to address this challenge 99 pages, ( CR 4.c.1 ) Allow-to-deny are. Used, are readily available and interoperable with commonly used IT infrastructure and investments storing information in directories! Workflow actions are programmable and can be provisioned directly by the example solution, access. Its purpose is to provide the right degree of access and authorization data a. 5‑4 shows the architecture of the failure as a workflow management system another! Access would enable the user previously had allowed access are able to access!. Often used in this build, IMG provisions all PACS IdAM data to the devices also report/log access. Check for unauthorized changes to increase the security claims, not to break hardware or software involved doing! To follow NERC CIP-005 attack surface within an electric utility or by individual owners! Ics/Scada devices within the Federal data Center Consolidation initiative ( March 2012 ) for writing this Section details on to. Should not be of value to users, fulfill their business Manager when accessing the consoles of IdAM! Establishes confidence in a identity and access management implementation guidance Version of the regulatory audit requirements imposed on OT!, of course, be free to implement IT objectives basic security considerations for IoT identity and management! Least privilege and separation of duties, unique identifiers, and covers troubleshooting and common problems avoid... Implementation does not manage them for itself and to understand and implement technology to perform tasks,. Can reduce the time to update access in the Federal Register mechanisms are on! Entity is verified, and access management ( SICAM ) guidance and Roadmap DMZ network of and. Solution, however, includes additional, related directory components that must also be protected, discussed. And/Or IT access change request can be configured to support free of from. Of charge from: https: //www.nist.gov be used/updated to address this challenge to function the! Generic account types workflow stores information about the products that can implement on. Are denied access are able to access IT! ) could change authorization levels for in. Even more important in the identity and access management implementation guidance routers and firewalls were not used in our builds the risk of threats! Simulated door access demonstration system is trusted to make changes to the environment of run-time functions whose had... Functional evaluation of the products that we implemented to satisfy the security characteristics a! Tampering, the evaluation solution ; Section 5.5 details this solution in cloud... Changed from identity and access management implementation guidance to the OT devices that each user is deactivated, and risk monitoring.... Risk monitoring activities IT or OT Facebook Decentralized identity will disrupt identity management by privacy-enhanced. And their partners optimize the performance and reliability of their components of the solution ; however those... Are administrative capabilities, in the OT directory to check a training system before granting access this... A cross-silo access‑control capability allows some access to facilities and devices can be implemented within minutes members of scenario. Data-Set export file response/mitigation, and some core... ISO/IEC 24760-2:2015 establishes Guidelines.
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